International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT JUNGLERICE
(Echinochloa colona)


Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Egypt
INTRODUCTION JUNGLERICE
Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Egypt this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2012 and infests Rice.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to bispyribac-sodium and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Mar 07, 2014 )

Common NameJunglerice
SpeciesEchinochloa colona
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesbispyribac-sodium
LocationEgypt
Year2012
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Aly Derbalah 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

CROSS RESISTANCE

Aly Derbalah
Note: Echinochloa colonum is a synonym of Echinochloa colona.

Echinochloa colonum resistance to bispyribac-soduim in Egypt - occurrence and identification.


El-Nady, M. F.; Hamza, A. M.; Derbalah, A. S.

Journal of Plant Protection Research 2012 Vol. 52 No. 1 pp. 139-145

Identification and mechanism of Echinochloa colonum (L.) resistance to bispyribac-soduim via physiological and anatomical differences between susceptible and resistant biotypes was investigated. The physiological and anatomical differences that were take into account were growth reduction, chlorophyll content reduction, protein analysis, lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter in both susceptible and resistant biotypes of E. colonum. The results showed the growth reduction fifty (GR50) of resistant biotype was 10.2 times higher than that of the susceptible biotype E. colonum treated with bispyribac-soduim. The chlorophyll content was highly reduced in the susceptible biotype relative to the resistant one of E. colonum treated with bispyribac-soduim. An anatomical test showed significant differences in the cytology of susceptible and resistant biotypes of E. colonum treated with bispyribac-soduim with respect to lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter. Furthermore, leaf protein analysis showed significant differences between the susceptible and resistant biotypes of E. colonum in the number and the density of protein bands. The resistance of E. colonum to bispyribac-soduim may be due to the faster metabolism of bispyribac-soduim below the physiologically active concentration or the insensitivity of its target enzyme, (acetolactate synthase). These results implied the occurrence of E. colonum resistance to bispyribac-soduim in Egypt and provide conclusive evidence that a single resistance mechanism alone cannot explain insensitivity in E. colonum to bispyribac-soduim.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Junglerice biotype with this Junglerice biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Junglerice have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Junglerice from Egypt please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

ALY DERBALAH
Weed Scientist
Kafrelshiekh University
Faculty of Agriculture
Pesticides Department
Kafrelshiekh, 33516, Kafr el-Sheikh
Egypt
Email Aly Derbalah

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Egypt have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Aly Derbalah for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Junglerice Globally
(Echinochloa colona)
Herbicide Resistant Junglerice Globally
(Echinochloa colona)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Junglerice Globally
(Echinochloa colona)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2009 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5544
2 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 2004 Sorghum atrazine 1 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5336
3 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 2007 Fallow glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5297
4 Australia (Queensland) AustraliaQueensland2009 Fallow glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5514
5 Australia (Western Australia) AustraliaWestern Australia2010 Cotton, Rice, and Watermelon glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5581
6 BoliviaBolivia 2006 Rice, and Soybean cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, and haloxyfop-methyl 4 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5413
7 BoliviaBolivia 2006 Rice bispyribac-sodium 4 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5414
8 ColombiaColombia 1988 Rice propanil 10 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice71
9 ColombiaColombia 2000 Rice quinclorac 10 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5141
10 ColombiaColombia 2016 Rice bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop-butyl, and quinclorac (MOA in monocots) 10 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis ( HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice18163
11 Costa RicaCosta Rica 1987 Rice propanil 11 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice72
12 Costa RicaCosta Rica 1994 Rice fenoxaprop-ethyl 11 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice75
13 Costa RicaCosta Rica 1998 Rice azimsulfuron, fenoxaprop-ethyl, and propanil 11 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5147
14 Costa RicaCosta Rica 2013 Rice bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop-butyl, imazapic, and imazapyr 11 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice7886
15 EgyptEgypt 2012 Rice bispyribac-sodium 15 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice7896
16 El SalvadorEl Salvador 1999 Rice propanil 83 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5150
17 GuatemalaGuatemala 1999 Rice propanil 84 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5152
18 HondurasHonduras 1999 Rice propanil 85 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5151
19 IranIran 2009 Sugarcane for sugar ametryne, atrazine, and metribuzin 79 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5486
20 NicaraguaNicaragua 2000 Rice fenoxaprop-ethyl 60 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5148
21 PanamaPanama 1999 Rice propanil 82 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5153
22 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2008 Corn (maize), Cotton, Fencelines, Grapes, Orchards, and Roadsides glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5545
23 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas2011 Rice imazethapyr, propanil, and quinclorac (MOA in monocots) 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis ( HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice10956
24 VenezuelaVenezuela 2000 Rice propanil 80 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5149
25 VenezuelaVenezuela 2008 Rice fluazifop-butyl, and glyphosate 80 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice10950
26 VenezuelaVenezuela 2010 Rice bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop-butyl, and propanil 80 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
78Echinochloa colonaJunglerice5555
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