HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT SCENTLESS CHAMOMILE
(Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum))

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Germany

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INTRODUCTION SCENTLESS CHAMOMILE Scentless Chamomile (Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum)) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family.  In Germany this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2009 and infests Wheat.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to tribenuron-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Mar 17, 2011 ) Common Name Scentless Chamomile Species Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Group Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) Herbicides tribenuron-methyl Location Germany Year 2009 Situation(s) Wheat Contributors - (Alphabetically) Jan Petersen  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Scentless Chamomile biotype with this Scentless Chamomile biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Scentless Chamomile indicate that the inheritance is determined by a one gene, dominant, nuclear trait.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Scentless Chamomile from Germany indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Scentless Chamomile from Germany please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS JAN PETERSEN Professor University Of Applied Science Bingen Fac. Of Life Science And Engineering 2836 Crestscene Trail Bingen, D-55411 Germany Email Jan Petersen Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Germany have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Jan Petersen for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant Scentless Chamomile Globally (Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum)) Herbicide Resistant Scentless Chamomile Globally (Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum)) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant Scentless Chamomile Globally (Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum)) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 Czech Republic Czech Republic   2021 Wheat florasulam, and tribenuron-methyl 12 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 116 Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Scentless Chamomile 21235 2 Denmark Denmark   2010 Spring Barley, and Winter wheat florasulam, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and tribenuron-methyl 13 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 116 Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Scentless Chamomile 5673 3 France France   2010 Wheat metsulfuron-methyl 17 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 116 Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Scentless Chamomile 9939 4 Germany Germany   2009 Wheat tribenuron-methyl 18 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 116 Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Scentless Chamomile 5534 5 Norway Norway   2006 Winter wheat iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and tribenuron-methyl 31 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 116 Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Scentless Chamomile 10975 6 Poland Poland   2014 Winter wheat tribenuron-methyl 33 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 116 Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Scentless Chamomile 10971 7 Sweden Sweden   2015 Wheat florasulam, and tribenuron-methyl 40 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 116 Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Scentless Chamomile 15076 8 United Kingdom United Kingdom   2002 Cereals metsulfuron-methyl 44 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) 116 Tripleurospermum perforatum (=T. inodorum) Scentless Chamomile 7763

Literature about Similar Cases

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Deveikyte, I. ; Auskalnis, A. ; Seibutis, V.. 2007. An application of the herbicide mixtures in sugar beet and spring barley plants as a protective element preventing appearance of weed resistance. Progress in Plant Protection 47 : 350 - 357.

Until recently, 261 biotypes belonging to 157 species (95 dicots and 62 monocots) and showing resistance to various herbicides are known. Herbicide resistance is known in all areas where herbicides are used intensively. Resistance of weeds to herbicides have been identified in 21 European countries. In Lithuania, herbicide resistance has not been proved in weeds. In agriculture practice, the most efficient to herbicide methods limiting herbicide resistant weed occurrence are rational agrotechnique, crop and herbicide rotation and application of herbicide mixtures. In 2002-04, studies on annual weed sensitivity and tolerance to phenoxy-carboxylic acid, phenyl-carbamates, benzofuranes and triazinones compounds were performed. Phenmedipham, desmedipham, ethofumesate was more effective for controlling Chenopodium album, Lamium purpureum, Polygonum aviculare and Tripleurospermum perforatum [Matricaria perforata] by applying in mixture with metamitron than by applying in mixture with chloridazon and chloridazon+quinmerac. The most effective were the mixtures consisting of 5 and 6 different active ingredients, e.g. phenmedipham+desmedipham+ethofumesate+metamitron+chloridazon and phenmedipham+desmedipham+ethofumesate+metamitron+chloridazon+quinmerac. C. album and Thlaspi arvense were very sensitive to herbicides MCPA, mecoprop+MCPA+dichlorprop and 2.4-D amino acid. G. aparine and Tripleurospermum perforatum were tolerant to MCPA. 2.4-D amino acid was ineffective on number and mass of G. aparine and L. purpureum. Mecoprop+MCPA+dichlorprop-P mixture was the best for weed control in spring barley..

Kay, Q. O. N.. 1994. Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Schultz Bip. (Matricaria inodora L., Matricaria maritima auct. p.p. non L., Matricaria perforata Mérat, Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Wagenitz, Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) Schultz Bip. p.p. non L.). Journal of Ecology (Oxford) 82 : 681 - 697.

A study of Tripleurospermum inodorum [Matricaria perforata] in the UK is presented. The following subjects are investigated: geographical and altitudinal distribution, habitat (climatic and topographical limitations and substratum), communities, response to biotic factors, response to environment (gregariousness, performance and effects of frost and drought), structure and physiology (morphology, mycorrhiza, perennation, chromosomes, photoperiodic response, resistance to 2,4-D, MCPA and other phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, and biochemical data), phenology, floral and seed characters (floral biology, hybrids, seed production and dispersal, seed viability and seedling morphology), herbivory and disease (animal feeders and parasites), and the history of the plant species. A map of the distribution of T. inodorum in the British Isles, a table of the occurrence of T. inodorum and associated species at 14 sites in Britain, and diagrams of a T. inodorum achene, germination stages and seedlings, are presented..

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