HRAC GROUP 22 (LEGACY D) RESISTANT ASIATIC HAWKSBEARD
(Youngia japonica)

PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)

Japan, Saitama, Ibaraki

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INTRODUCTION ASIATIC HAWKSBEARD Asiatic Hawksbeard (Youngia japonica) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family.  In Japan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides in 1986 and infests Chesnut, Mulberry, and Roadsides.   Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides are known as PS I Electron Diversion (PSI Electron Diversion ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to diquat, and paraquat and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 29, 2013 ) Common Name Asiatic Hawksbeard Species Youngia japonica Group PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D) Herbicides diquat, and paraquat Location Japan, Saitama, Ibaraki Year 1986 Situation(s) Chesnut, Mulberry, and Roadsides Contributors - (Alphabetically) Yasutumi Imai, Kazuyuki Itoh, Satoshi Iwakami, and Akira Uchino  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE AREAS FOUND Yasutumi Imai Chestnut. Found in orchards and on riverbanks. Edit this Note  |  Add New Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Asiatic Hawksbeard biotype with this Asiatic Hawksbeard biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 22 resistant Asiatic Hawksbeard have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 22 (Legacy D) resistant Asiatic Hawksbeard from Japan please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS YASUTUMI IMAI Dow Agrosciences Japan Dow Agrosciences 30500 Doe Circle Tokyo Japan KAZUYUKI ITOH Professor Kobe University Graduate School of Agricultural Science １-１ Rokkodaicho Kobe, 657-0013, Hyogo Japan Email Kazuyuki Itoh SATOSHI IWAKAMI Weed Scientist University of Tsukuba Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba, 305-8577, Ibaraki Japan Email Satoshi Iwakami AKIRA UCHINO Weed Scientist NARO Agricultural Research Center Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences 3-1-1 Kannondai Tsukuba, 305-8666, Ibaraki Japan Email Akira Uchino

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Yasutumi Imai, Kazuyuki Itoh, Satoshi Iwakami, and Akira Uchino for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant Asiatic Hawksbeard Globally (Youngia japonica) Herbicide Resistant Asiatic Hawksbeard Globally (Youngia japonica) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant Asiatic Hawksbeard Globally (Youngia japonica) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 China China   2009 Unspecified paraquat 9 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D) 175 Youngia japonica Asiatic Hawksbeard 5650 2 Japan Japan   1986 Chesnut, Mulberry, and Roadsides diquat, and paraquat 25 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D) 175 Youngia japonica Asiatic Hawksbeard 124

Literature about Similar Cases

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Hanioka, Y.. 1989. Paraquat-resistant biotype of Youngia japonica (L.) DC. in mulberry fields in Saitama Prefecture. Weed Research (Tokyo) 34 : 163 - 168.

Leaf discs were taken from Y. japonica plants infesting mulberry fields in Saitama Prefecture and examined for their response to paraquat. leaf discs turned brown within 48 h on exposure to 1 p.p.m. of the herbicide. Discs from resistant biotypes, however, remained green even at concn of 10 p.p.m. This response was similar to that of Erigeron philadelphicus and Conyza canadensis plants resistant to paraquat. Y. japonica biotypes resistant to paraquat occurred on 34% of the mulberry field sites surveyed..

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