<b>HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Vicia sativa from China

International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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Wednesday, April 17, 2024

HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT COMMON VETCH
(Vicia sativa)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

China, Jiangsu

INTRODUCTION		COMMON VETCH
Common Vetch (Vicia sativa) is a dicot weed in the Fabaceae family. In China this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2014 and infests Wheat. Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to tribenuron-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 20, 2015 )
Common Name	Common Vetch
Species	Vicia sativa
Group	Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicides	tribenuron-methyl
Location	China, Jiangsu
Year	2014
Situation(s)	Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Liyao Dong, and Li Jun
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Common Vetch biotype with this Common Vetch biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Common Vetch have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Common Vetch from China please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

LIYAO DONG

Weed Scientist Nanjing Agricultural University Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China College of Plant Protection Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu China Email Liyao Dong

LI JUN

Weed Scientist Nanjing Agricultural University Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China College of Plant Protection Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu China Email Li Jun

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in China have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Liyao Dong, and Li Jun for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Common Vetch Globally
(Vicia sativa)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

China

2014

Wheat

tribenuron-methyl

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Soroka, S.. 2007. Antiresistant strategy of herbicides application in Belarus. Progress in Plant Protection 47 : 371 - 381.

In the total volume of pesticides applied in Belarus, herbicides make 70-75% and the decrease of volumes of application of the indicated pesticide group is not supposed. Knowing about the acquired resistance of many weed plants to symtriazine herbicides in Belarus after the accident in the Chernobyl nuclear power station this group of herbicides is not applied. In the nearest future, atrazine-based herbicides will be prohibited. In connection with the fact that starting with fifties of the past Century and up to now, the herbicides 2,4-D and MCPA group are applied to which Elytrigia repens [Elymus repens], Tripleurospermum inodora [Matricaria perforata], Polygonum spp., Galeopsis spp., Viola spp., Sonchus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, Artemisia spp., Taraxacum spp., Melandrium album [Silene latifolia subp. alba], Vicia cracca, Matricaria spp., Stellaria media, Myosotis arvensis, Spergula sativa, Poa annua, Apera spica-venti, Echinochloa crus-galli and other weeds are resistant. The Herbology Laboratory of the Institute developed and recommended an assortment of herbicides allowing to reach maximum efficiency against the indicated resistant weeds as well. In antiresistant protection technologies rotation, herbicide mixtures of different groups, method of action, surfactants, fertilizers and other substances raising the biological activity of pesticides against the resistant objects are recommended. Both pure and as a component of tank mixtures, the 4th generation herbicides, for example, sulfonylurea derivatives, are intensively used in Belarus. These preparations have low application rate, activity under temperature below 10°C, a wide spectrum of action and range of application periods (autumn and, spring), favourable toxicological, ecological and economic data, they are successively used in modern integrated systems of winter and spring grain crops, maize, flax, potato and beet protection. In the "Catalogue of pesticides and fertilizers allowed for application in the Republic of Belarus", 33 herbicides with the content of the this group active ingredient are registered. In the total volume of herbicide application, the share of indicated preparations makes already 15-18%. Herbicides, sulfonylurea derivatives, are not effective enough against overgrown weed plants, especially Chenopodium album; for destroying it, the mixtures of 2,4-D and MCPA are used. Taking into account the fact that weed plants with the acquired resistance to herbicides in Belarus are not economically important, special research on their identification and biology are not carried out..

Santín-Montanyá, I. ; Alonso-Prados, J. L. ; Villarroya, M. ; García-Baudín, J. M.. 2006. Bioassay for determining sensitivity to sulfosulfuron on seven plant species. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes 41 : 781 - 793.

This study presents a bioassay procedure, based on root and shoot growth parameters, for determining the sensitivity of seven vegetal species (Hordeum vulgare cv. Princess, Lepidium sativum, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Marmande, Vicia sativa, Linum usitatissimum cv. Lineseed Flax, Zea mays cv. Cridor and Allium cepa cv. Babosa) to sulfosulfuron residues under hydroponic conditions. Plant response to sulfosulfuron was calculated with the equations fitted to the root growth data as a function of the logarithm of the herbicide concentration by nonlinear regression and was used to calculate the rates for 10, 30 and 50% inhibition of root growth (EC₁₀, EC₃₀ and EC₅₀). Plant response to increasing sulfosulfuron rates followed a classical dose-response relationship. The lowest rates (0.001 and 0.2 mg/litre) reduced shoot fresh weight reduction by 9 and 74% in tomato and barley, respectively, but 43% in tomato and 88% in vetch and barley, with the highest rates (0.05 and 1.2 mg/litre). For shoot dry weight, the lowest rate caused a reduction of 10% in flax and tomato, and 70% in barley, while 34 and 88% with the highest rates in tomato and barley, respectively. Root growth was increasingly affected by rates for all species, causing between 78 and 89% root growth reduction with 0.001 and 0.05 mg sulfosulfuron/litre, respectively, applied on flax. The results indicate that the phytotoxic effect of sulfosulfuron in all the species assayed followed the order: flax>maize>onion>vetch>Lepidium sativum>tomato>barley. These species showed phytotoxicity at low levels of sulfosulfuron, and flax appeared to be the most susceptible species to sulfosulfuron (0.001 mg/litre)..

Santos, J. B. dos ; Procópio, S. de O. ; Silva, A. A. da ; Pires, F. R. ; Ribeiro Júnior, J. I. ; Santos, E. A. dos. 2004. Selectivity of the herbicide trifloxysulfuron sodium for phytoremediation purposes. Revista Ceres 51 : 129 - 141.

The effects of trifloxysulfuron sodium (0.00, 3.75, 7.50 and 15.00 g/ha) on Calopogonium muconoides, Crotalaria spectabilis, Vicia sativa, Cajanus cajan, Nicotiana tabacum, Ricinus communis, Pennisetum glaucum, Mucuna cinereum, Mucuna aterrima and Lupinus albus were evaluated at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) to determine the phytoremediation potential of these crops in soils contaminated with this herbicide. Plant height and phytotoxicity were evaluated. Aboveground and root dry matter and total biomass were evaluated at 60 DAS. All the test species survived in soil treated with trifloxysulfuron sodium at 15.00 g/ha, except N. tabacum. M. aterrima, L. albus, Calopogonium muconoides, Crotalaria spectabilis and M. cinereum were highly tolerant of trifloxysulfuron sodium..

Pires, F. R. ; Souza, C. M. de ; Silva, A. A. da ; Procópio, S. de O. ; Cecon, P. R. ; Santos, J. B. dos ; Santos, E. A. dos. 2003. Selection of plants tolerant to tebuthiuron and with phytoremediation potential. Revista Ceres 50 : 583 - 594.

The aim of this study was to select tebuthiuron-selective plants to be used in soil phytoremediation programmes against this herbicide. Ten pre-selected plants were evaluated: Avena strigosa [Avena nuda], Tagetes minuta, Crotalaria spectabilis, Vicia sativa, Canavalia ensiformis, Dolichos lablab [Lablab purpureus], Brassica rapa [Brassica campestris], Stizolobium deeringianum [Mucuna pruriens], Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus and Lupinus albus. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a sandy-clay soil, in pots of 3-dm³ capacity. The treatments consisted of: 10 plant species, 4 tebuthiuron rates (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.0 kg ha^-1), applied before shooting, and 4 evaluation times (15, 30, 45, and 60 days after sowing). Toxicity, plant height and aboveground, root and total dry matter were evaluated after 60 days. Canavalia ensiformis and Stizolobium deeringianum showed the best tolerance to tebuthiuron up to 1.0 kg ha^-1, with less toxicity symptoms and plant height and biomass reduction, when compared to the control treatment, being thus promising for use in the phytoremediation of polluted soils with tebuthiuron..

Nandula, V. K. ; Foy, C. L. ; Orcutt, D. M.. 1999. Glyphosate for Orobanche aegyptiaca control in Vicia sativa and Brassica napus. Weed Science 47 : 486 - 491.

The use of glyphosate in controlling Orobanche aegyptiaca was examined by determining glyphosate dose response and ¹⁴C-labelled glyphosate absorption, translocation and metabolism patterns in Vicia sativa that is tolerant of low levels of glyphosate and Brassica napus [var. oleifera] (rape) that had been genetically engineered to be glyphosate-resistant. Glyphosate provided excellent suppression of O. aegyptiaca growth in both V. sativa and B. napus. Absorption and translocation of ¹⁴C-glyphosate was similar between parasitized and non-parasitized V. sativa plants. ¹⁴C-Glyphosate was metabolized by up to 32% in V. sativa, which could account for some of the tolerance of V. sativa to glyphosate. Approximately 27% of translocated ¹⁴C-glyphosate accumulated in O. aegyptiaca attachments on V. sativa. Absorption and translocation patterns of ¹⁴C-glyphosate were similar between parasitized and non-parasitized rape plants. Nearly one-third (31%) of the translocated radioactivity was found in O. aegyptiaca attachments on rape. No metabolism of ¹⁴C-glyphosate was detected in rape..

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