International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
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Herbicide Resistant Goosegrass Globally
(Eleusine indica)
Herbicide Resistant Goosegrass Globally
(Eleusine indica)
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Herbicide Resistant Goosegrass Globally
(Eleusine indica)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2012 Corn (maize), Fallow, and Soybean glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5701
2 ArgentinaArgentina 2014 Soybean clethodim, and haloxyfop-methyl 48 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass31278
3 ArgentinaArgentina 2019 Soybean glyphosate, and haloxyfop-methyl 48 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass33282
4 Australia (Queensland) AustraliaQueensland2015 Sugarcane for sugar paraquat 1 PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass11024
5 BoliviaBolivia 2005 Rice, Soybean, and Wheat clethodim, cyhalofop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, and haloxyfop-methyl 4 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5412
6 BoliviaBolivia 2007 Soybean glyphosate 4 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass7887
7 BrazilBrazil 2003 Soybean cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, and sethoxydim 5 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5245
8 BrazilBrazil 2016 Corn (maize), Soybean, and Wheat glyphosate 5 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass13039
9 BrazilBrazil 2017 Beans, Corn (maize), Cotton, and Soybean fenoxaprop-ethyl, glyphosate, and haloxyfop-methyl 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass17112
10 ChinaChina 2010 Unspecified paraquat 9 PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5659
11 ChinaChina 2010 Orchards glyphosate 9 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5661
12 ColombiaColombia 2006 Coffee, and Corn (maize) glyphosate 10 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5365
13 ColombiaColombia 2016 Corn (maize) glyphosate, and paraquat 10 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass18177
14 Costa RicaCosta Rica 1989 Industrial sites imazapyr 11 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass73
15 Costa RicaCosta Rica 2010 Pejibaye palm glyphosate 11 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass7884
16 IndonesiaIndonesia 2012 Oil Palm Nursery glyphosate, and paraquat 22 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass11020
17 IndonesiaIndonesia 2012 Corn (maize) paraquat 22 PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass13034
18 ItalyItaly 2019 Nurseries glyphosate 24 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass18208
19 JapanJapan 2013 Rice Paddy Levee glyphosate 25 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass10998
20 MalaysiaMalaysia 1990 Cropland, and Vegetables fluazifop-butyl, and propaquizafop 28 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass133
21 MalaysiaMalaysia 1990 Vegetables paraquat 28 PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass140
22 MalaysiaMalaysia 1997 Orchards fluazifop-butyl, and glyphosate 28 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass1125
23 MalaysiaMalaysia 2009 Vegetables glufosinate-ammonium, and paraquat 28 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase (H/10)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass7873
24 MalaysiaMalaysia 2009 Oil Palm Nursery butroxydim, fluazifop-butyl, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, haloxyfop-methyl, and paraquat 28 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase (H/10)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass9927
25 MexicoMexico 2016 Oranges glyphosate 29 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass18194
26 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina1973 Cotton trifluralin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (K1/3)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass258
27 United States (South Carolina) United StatesSouth Carolina1974 Cotton, and Soybean trifluralin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (K1/3)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass266
28 United States (Alabama) United StatesAlabama1987 Cotton trifluralin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (K1/3)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass223
29 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee1988 Cotton, Golf courses, and Turf pendimethalin, prodiamine, and trifluralin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (K1/3)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass1103
30 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas1989 Cotton, and Cropland trifluralin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (K1/3)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass400
31 United States (Georgia) United StatesGeorgia1992 Cotton, Golf courses, and Turf trifluralin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (K1/3)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass1043
32 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi1994 Cotton pendimethalin, and trifluralin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (K1/3)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass255
33 United States (Florida) United StatesFlorida1996 Tomatoes paraquat 45 PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5053
34 United States (Hawaii) United StatesHawaii2003 Turf metribuzin 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5533
35 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi2010 Cotton glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5503
36 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee2011 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass5549
37 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina2015 Golf courses oxadiazon 45 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass15072
38 United States (Virginia) United StatesVirginia2015 Golf courses oxadiazon 45 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass15073
39 United States (Alabama) United StatesAlabama2019 Tomatoes paraquat 45 PS I Electron Diversion (D/22)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass18191
40 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina2022 Soybean clethodim, fluazifop-butyl, and glyphosate 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (A/1)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
 		81Eleusine indicaGoosegrass32279
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Cite this site as: Heap, I.  The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds.  Online.  Internet.  Tuesday, December 16, 2025 .  Available  www.weedscience.org
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