International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
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Herbicide Resistant Tall Waterhemp Globally
(Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis))
Herbicide Resistant Tall Waterhemp Globally
(Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis))
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Herbicide Resistant Tall Waterhemp Globally
(Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis))
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2002 Soybean atrazine, and imazethapyr 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5212
2 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2002 Soybean imazethapyr 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5213
3 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2014 Soybean glyphosate, and imazethapyr 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp9940
4 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2017 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and lactofen 7 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp17140
5 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2017 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, glyphosate, and imazethapyr 7 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp17141
6 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2017 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, glyphosate, and metribuzin 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp17142
7 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2021 Corn (maize), Dry, bean, edible, and Soybean atrazine, glyphosate, imazethapyr, lactofen, mesotrione, and metribuzin 7 Multiple Resistance: 5 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (F2/27)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp24242
8 IsraelIsrael 2019 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Sunflower foramsulfuron, pyrithiobac-sodium, and trifloxysulfuron-Na 23 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp18207
9 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa1993 Corn (maize), and Soybean imazethapyr 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp239
10 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois1993 Corn (maize), and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5183
11 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri1994 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1066
12 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri1994 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, flumetsulam, halosulfuron-methyl, imazamox, imazaquin, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1083
13 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota1994 Soybean imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7802
14 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas1995 Alfalfa, Corn (maize), Sorghum, and Soybean imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp333
15 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas1995 Corn (maize), and Sorghum atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1038
16 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska1996 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp525
17 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa1996 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1061
18 United States (Ohio) United StatesOhio1996 Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1087
19 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois1996 Corn (maize), Cropland, and Soybean atrazine, flumetsulam, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1127
20 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin1999 Soybean imazethapyr 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5090
21 United States (Michigan) United StatesMichigan2000 Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5179
22 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas2001 Soybean acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, imazethapyr, lactofen, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5112
23 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2001 Corn (maize) atrazine, and cyanazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5182
24 United States (Oklahoma) United StatesOklahoma2002 Corn (maize), and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, imazaquin, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, and primisulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5156
25 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2002 Corn (maize), Cropland, and Soybean acifluorfen, atrazine, fomesafen, imazamox, lactofen, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5171
26 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri2005 Corn (maize), and Soybean acifluorfen, cloransulam-methyl, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazamox, imazethapyr, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5269
27 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana2005 Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazaquin, and imazethapyr 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5521
28 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas2006 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5307
29 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2006 Corn (maize), and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate, and imazethapyr 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5311
30 United States (Texas) United StatesTexas2006 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Sorghum glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7776
31 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee2007 Soybean cloransulam-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5314
32 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota2007 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5334
33 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota2007 Soybean glyphosate, imazapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7803
34 United States (Ohio) United StatesOhio2008 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5697
35 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2009 Soybean lactofen 45 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5460
36 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2009 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5461
37 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2009 Seed corn atrazine, mesotrione, rimsulfuron, tembotrione, thifensulfuron-methyl, and topramezone 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (F2/27)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5490
38 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2009 Seed corn atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (F2/27)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5491
39 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana2009 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5518
40 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2009 Pastures 2,4-D, aminopyralid, atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and picloram 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Auxin Mimics (O/4)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5574
41 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri2009 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, and glyphosate 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7807
42 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2009 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7864
43 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi2010 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5485
44 United States (North Dakota) United StatesNorth Dakota2010 Corn (maize), Soybean, and Sugar beets glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5575
45 United States (South Dakota) United StatesSouth Dakota2010 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5633
46 United States (Kentucky) United StatesKentucky2010 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7881
47 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi2010 Soybean imazethapyr, pyrithiobac-sodium, and trifloxysulfuron-Na 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp16080
48 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2011 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate, imazamethabenz-methyl, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (F2/27)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5576
49 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2011 Corn (maize) mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone 45 Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (F2/27)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5582
50 United States (Oklahoma) United StatesOklahoma2011 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5593
51 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee2011 Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5595
52 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2012 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5737
53 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin2013 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp10958
54 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana2014 Soybean fomesafen 45 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp8919
55 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota2014 Soybean fomesafen 45 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp11004
56 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas2015 Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp10980
57 United States (Louisiana) United StatesLouisiana2015 Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp11005
58 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota2016 Corn (maize), and Soybean fomesafen, glyphosate, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp13056
59 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2016 Corn (maize), and Soybean 2,4-D, acifluorfen, atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, fomesafen, imazethapyr, lactofen, mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone 45 Multiple Resistance: 5 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (F2/27)
Auxin Mimics (O/4)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp14051
60 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin2016 Soybean fomesafen, glyphosate, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp16100
61 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2016 Soybean acifluorfen, atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp17121
62 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2016 Corn (maize), and Soybean acetochlor, dimethenamid, pyroxasulfone, and S-metolachlor 45 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors (K3 N/15)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp18152
63 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina2020 Soybean atrazine, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and mesotrione 45 Multiple Resistance: 5 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (E/14)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase (F2/27)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp19222
64 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2021 Soybean dicamba 45 Auxin Mimics (O/4)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp27263
65 United States (Idaho) United StatesIdaho2023 Sugar beets glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp27264
66 UruguayUruguay 2022 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 73 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (G/9)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp24245
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