INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

MULTIPLE RESISTANT LATE WATERGRASS
(Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola))


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

South Korea
INTRODUCTION LATE WATERGRASS
Late Watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In South Korea this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2006 and infests Rice.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 1 (Legacy A), and Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metamifop, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, and pyriminobac-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 1 (Legacy A), and Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 22, 2014 )

Common NameLate Watergrass
SpeciesEchinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)
GroupInhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesazimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metamifop, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, and pyriminobac-methyl
LocationSouth Korea
Year2006
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Il-Bin Im 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Late Watergrass biotype with this Late Watergrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 1, 2 resistant Late Watergrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

Researchers have indicated that Group 1, 2/A, B resistant Late Watergrass is ecologically less fit than normal susceptible Late Watergrass.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the fitness of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

IL-BIN IM
CRO
Bio-Plant Environment Research Center
Weed Control
5306-1. BI Center. Honam University
Kwangsan, 506-714, Kwangju
South Korea
Email Il-Bin Im
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Korea have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Il-Bin Im for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Late Watergrass Globally
(Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola))
Herbicide Resistant Late Watergrass Globally
(Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola))
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Late Watergrass Globally
(Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola))
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ChinaChina 2023 Rice penoxsulam 9 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass27267
2 FranceFrance 2013 Rice penoxsulam 17 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass9935
3 GreeceGreece 2009 Rice bispyribac-sodium, foramsulfuron, imazamox, nicosulfuron, penoxsulam, and rimsulfuron 19 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass13052
4 PortugalPortugal 2015 Rice penoxsulam 34 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass27294
5 PortugalPortugal 2020 Rice profoxydim 34 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass28268
6 PortugalPortugal 2020 Rice penoxsulam, and profoxydim 34 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass28269
7 South KoreaSouth Korea 2006 Rice azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, metamifop, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyribenzoxim, and pyriminobac-methyl 27 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass5392
8 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia1998 Rice fenoxaprop-ethyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass283
9 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia1998 Rice thiobencarb/benthiocarb 45 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors ( HRAC Group 15 (Legacy K3 N)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass1035
10 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2000 Rice cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, molinate, and thiobencarb/benthiocarb 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors ( HRAC Group 15 (Legacy K3 N)
178Echinochloa phyllopogon (=E. oryzicola)Late Watergrass5137
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