INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 9 (LEGACY G) RESISTANT KOCHIA
(Kochia scoparia)


Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

United States, South Dakota
INTRODUCTION KOCHIA
Kochia (Kochia scoparia) is a dicot weed in the Chenopodiaceae family.  In South Dakota this weed first evolved resistance to Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides in 2009 and infests Corn (maize), and Soybean.   Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to glyphosate and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated May 04, 2012 )

Common NameKochia
SpeciesKochia scoparia
GroupInhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicidesglyphosate
LocationUnited States, South Dakota
Year2009
Situation(s)Corn (maize), and Soybean
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Mike Moechnig 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Kochia biotype with this Kochia biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 9 resistant Kochia have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 9 (Legacy G) resistant Kochia from South Dakota please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

MIKE MOECHNIG
Associate Professor
South Dakota State University
Plant Science
229 Berg Ag Hall
Box 2207A
Brookings, 57007, South Dakota
United States
Email Mike Moechnig
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Dakota have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Mike Moechnig for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Kochia Globally
(Kochia scoparia)
Herbicide Resistant Kochia Globally
(Kochia scoparia)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Kochia Globally
(Kochia scoparia)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba1988 Industrial sites, Spring Barley, and Wheat chlorsulfuron, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia57
2 Canada (Saskatchewan) CanadaSaskatchewan1988 Cropland, and Wheat thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5069
3 Canada (Alberta) CanadaAlberta1989 Spring Barley, and Wheat chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia65
4 Canada (Alberta) CanadaAlberta2012 Spring Barley, and Wheat glyphosate, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5592
5 Canada (Saskatchewan) CanadaSaskatchewan2012 Canola, Spring Barley, and Wheat glyphosate, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia7834
6 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba2014 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia9942
7 Canada (Saskatchewan) CanadaSaskatchewan2015 Spring wheat dicamba, fluroxypyr, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia11032
8 Canada (Alberta) CanadaAlberta2017 Canola, Corn (maize), Fallow, Lentils, Peas, Wheat, and Winter barley dicamba, glyphosate, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia17147
9 Canada (Saskatchewan) CanadaSaskatchewan2021 Mustard saflufenacil 7 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
101Kochia scopariaKochia25259
10 Czech RepublicCzech Republic 1996 Railways, and Roadsides atrazine, chlorsulfuron, imazapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, prosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl, and triflusulfuron-methyl 12 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5050
11 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas1976 Corn (maize), and Railways atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1070
12 United States (Colorado) United StatesColorado1982 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia431
13 United States (Montana) United StatesMontana1984 Railways atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia414
14 United States (Wyoming) United StatesWyoming1984 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1051
15 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa1985 Railways atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia243
16 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin1987 Corn (maize), and Railways atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia416
17 United States (North Dakota) United StatesNorth Dakota1987 Cropland, and Wheat chlorsulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia423
18 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas1987 Cropland, and Wheat chlorsulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1042
19 United States (New Mexico) United StatesNew Mexico1988 Railways, and Roadsides sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia256
20 United States (South Dakota) United StatesSouth Dakota1988 Cropland, and Wheat chlorsulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia269
21 United States (Idaho) United StatesIdaho1989 Roadsides, and Wheat chlorsulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia232
22 United States (Montana) United StatesMontana1989 Cropland, and Wheat chlorsulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia420
23 United States (Washington) United StatesWashington1989 Cereals, and Wheat chlorsulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia517
24 United States (Colorado) United StatesColorado1989 Roadsides, and Wheat metsulfuron-methyl, and triasulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1049
25 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois1992 Cropland, and Railways atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia238
26 United States (Oklahoma) United StatesOklahoma1992 Roadsides, and Wheat chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, and sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1069
27 United States (Oregon) United StatesOregon1993 Wheat chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, and triasulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1175
28 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota1994 Cropland, and Wheat imazethapyr, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia248
29 United States (Montana) United StatesMontana1994 Cropland, and Wheat dicamba, and fluroxypyr 45 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia532
30 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana1995 Railways atrazine, cyanazine, and metsulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia405
31 United States (North Dakota) United StatesNorth Dakota1995 Wheat dicamba 45 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1047
32 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois1995 Corn (maize), Cropland, and Wheat atrazine, and metsulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1126
33 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin1995 Roadsides sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1169
34 United States (Wyoming) United StatesWyoming1996 Wheat metsulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1050
35 United States (Idaho) United StatesIdaho1997 Roadsides dicamba 45 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1058
36 United States (Utah) United StatesUtah1998 Industrial sites sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1090
37 United States (North Dakota) United StatesNorth Dakota1998 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia1192
38 United States (Texas) United StatesTexas1998 Wheat metsulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5063
39 United States (Colorado) United StatesColorado1999 Corn (maize) dicamba 45 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia7868
40 United States (North Dakota) United StatesNorth Dakota2004 Railways diuron, metribuzin, and tebuthiuron 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia10986
41 United States (Michigan) United StatesMichigan2005 Sugar beets imazamox, and triflusulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5287
42 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas2007 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5470
43 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2009 Corn (maize) dicamba 45 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5594
44 United States (South Dakota) United StatesSouth Dakota2009 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5636
45 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2011 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5585
46 United States (North Dakota) United StatesNorth Dakota2012 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5683
47 United States (Montana) United StatesMontana2012 Cereals glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5711
48 United States (Colorado) United StatesColorado2012 Cereals glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia5714
49 United States (Oklahoma) United StatesOklahoma2013 Corn (maize) glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia6755
50 United States (Montana) United StatesMontana2013 Wheat glyphosate, metsulfuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia7810
51 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas2013 Corn (maize) atrazine, chlorsulfuron, dicamba, and glyphosate 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia10972
52 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas2013 Corn (maize), and Sorghum dicamba, fluroxypyr, and glyphosate 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
101Kochia scopariaKochia10973
53 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2014 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
101Kochia scopariaKochia9926
54 United States (Oregon) United StatesOregon2014 Corn (maize), and Sugar beets glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia9944
55 United States (Idaho) United StatesIdaho2014 Corn (maize), and Sugar beets glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia9945
56 United States (Wyoming) United StatesWyoming2014 Sugar beets glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
101Kochia scopariaKochia10961
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