INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

MULTIPLE RESISTANT POWELL AMARANTH
(Amaranthus powellii)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Canada, Ontario
INTRODUCTION POWELL AMARANTH
Powell Amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) is a dicot weed in the Amaranthaceae family.  In Ontario this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 1998 and infests Corn (maize), Soybean, and Wheat.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to atrazine, imazethapyr, and metribuzin and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 28, 2000 )

Common NamePowell Amaranth
SpeciesAmaranthus powellii
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicidesatrazine, imazethapyr, and metribuzin
LocationCanada, Ontario
Year1998
Situation(s)Corn (maize), Soybean, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Francois Tardif 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

FIELD HISTORIES

Francois Tardif
We believe this case of multiple resistance is the result of sequential selection. The grower most likely had triazine resistance in his fields in the 1980s. Reliance on ALS inhibitors (mostly imazethapyr) increased in the 1990s and it is very likely that this biotype was reselected for imazethapyr resistance.

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GENERAL

Hugh Beckie
Ferguson, G. M., R. S. Diebold, F. J. Tardif, and A. S. Hamill. 2000. Populations of green pigweed (Amaranthus powellii) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in Ontario show different patterns of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and to triazines. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 40:47-48.

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MECHANISM

Francois Tardif
We know that this biotype has a mutation in the psbA gene that confers triazine resistance. It also has a mutation in the ALS gene (carboxy end mutation) that causes imidazolinone resistance.

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ONGOING RESEARCH

Francois Tardif
We are working on the fitness of this biotype.

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STUDENT CONTACTS

Francois Tardif
Three grad students contributed on this biotype as part of their M. Sc. theses. Gabrielle Ferguson did the initial work on this biotype, confirming ALS resistance. Kris McNaughton was able to sequence the ALS gene and confirm the mutation. SHane Diebold preformed the screen for ttriazine resistance and confirmed the presence of the nuclear gene mutation.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Powell Amaranth biotype with this Powell Amaranth biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2, 5 resistant Powell Amaranth indicate that the inheritance is determined by a two gene trait.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of multiple resistant Powell Amaranth from Ontario indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Powell Amaranth from Ontario please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

FRANCOIS TARDIF
Associate Professor
University Of Guelph
Department Of Plant Agriculture
2055 Radatz Ave
Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario
Canada
Email Francois Tardif
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Ontario have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Francois Tardif for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Powell Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus powellii)
Herbicide Resistant Powell Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus powellii)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Powell Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus powellii)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1977 Corn (maize) atrazine, and metribuzin 7 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth1158
2 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1998 Corn (maize), Cropland, and Soybean imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth1159
3 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1998 Corn (maize), Soybean, and Wheat atrazine, imazethapyr, and metribuzin 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth5049
4 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1999 Carrots atrazine, linuron, monolinuron, and prometryne 7 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth5048
5 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba2008 Beans, and Wheat thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth5631
6 Canada (Quebec) CanadaQuebec2012 Carrots linuron 7 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth17123
7 Canada (Quebec) CanadaQuebec2012 Soybean imazethapyr 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth17124
8 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2019 Soybean aminocyclopyrachlor, dichlorprop, imazethapyr, MCPA, and mecoprop 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth24243
9 Czech RepublicCzech Republic 1989 Orchards atrazine, cyanazine, prometryne, simazine, and terbutryne 12 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth78
10 FranceFrance 1982 Corn (maize) atrazine 17 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth452
11 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 1986 Corn (maize) atrazine 41 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth197
12 United States (Washington) United StatesWashington1992 Mint terbacil 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth331
13 United States (Ohio) United StatesOhio1996 Soybean imazaquin 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth1100
14 United States (Michigan) United StatesMichigan2001 Asparagus, and Nurseries atrazine, and diuron 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth5176
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