INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 5 (LEGACY C1 C2) RESISTANT SQUARE-STALKED WILLOWHERB
(Epilobium tetragonum)


PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Germany
INTRODUCTION SQUARE-STALKED WILLOWHERB
Square-stalked Willowherb (Epilobium tetragonum) is a dicot weed in the Onagraceae family.  In Germany this weed first evolved resistance to Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides in 1988 and infests Corn (maize).   Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides are known as PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (Inhbition of Photosynthesis at PSll - Serine 264 Binders ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to atrazine and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Sep 15, 2000 )

Common NameSquare-stalked Willowherb
SpeciesEpilobium tetragonum
GroupPSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicidesatrazine
LocationGermany
Year1988
Situation(s)Corn (maize)
Contributors - (Alphabetically) 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Kees-H (1988). The development of triazine-resistant annual weeds in Bavaria and experience with their control. Die Entwicklung triazinresistenter Samenunkrauter in Bayern und Erfahrungen mit deren Bekampfung. Gesunde-Pflanzen. 1988, 40: 10, 407-412, 414.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Square-stalked Willowherb biotype with this Square-stalked Willowherb biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 5 resistant Square-stalked Willowherb have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) resistant Square-stalked Willowherb from Germany please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Germany have been instrumental in providing you this information. 
Herbicide Resistant Square-stalked Willowherb Globally
(Epilobium tetragonum)
Herbicide Resistant Square-stalked Willowherb Globally
(Epilobium tetragonum)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Square-stalked Willowherb Globally
(Epilobium tetragonum)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 FranceFrance 1981 Cropland atrazine 17 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
84Epilobium tetragonumSquare-stalked Willowherb463
2 GermanyGermany 1988 Corn (maize) atrazine 18 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
84Epilobium tetragonumSquare-stalked Willowherb447
Literature about Similar Cases

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PERMISSION MUST BE OBTAINED FIRST if you intend to base a significant portion of a scientific paper on data derived from this site. Citation:
Heap, I.  The International Herbicide-Resistant Weed Database.  Online.  Wednesday, November 13, 2024 .  Available  www.weedscience.org Copyright © 1993- 2024 WeedScience.org All rights reserved. Fair use of this material is encouraged. Proper citation is requested.