International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
HRAC GROUP 1 (LEGACY A) RESISTANT ITALIAN RYEGRASS
(Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum)


Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

New Zealand, Canterbury
INTRODUCTION ITALIAN RYEGRASS
Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In New Zealand this weed first evolved resistance to Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides in 2014 and infests Wheat.   Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to haloxyfop-methyl, and pinoxaden and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

If we do not have a picture for this weed, or you can provide a better picture (scan, digital camera etc) please please e-mail it to us.

QUIK STATS (last updated Sep 21, 2020 )

Common NameItalian Ryegrass
SpeciesLolium perenne ssp. multiflorum
GroupInhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Herbicideshaloxyfop-methyl, and pinoxaden
LocationNew Zealand, Canterbury
Year2014
Situation(s)Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Trevor James 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Trevor James

In: 2017 New Zealand Plant Protection Society - Weeds.

An evaluation of the resistance of annual and perennial ryegrass to herbicides

 M. Gunnarsson1, T.K. James2, R.J. Chynoweth1 and M.P. Rolston1 1Foundation for Arable Research, P.O. Box 23133, Templeton, Christchurch 8445, New Zealand 2AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand Corresponding author: Matilda.Gunnarsson@far.org.nz


Abstract Ryegrass, both perennial (Lolium perenne) and annual (L. multiflorum), can be weeds in other arable crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). They are generally removed using selective herbicides, but herbicide-resistant perennial and annual ryegrasses have been reported anecdotally. Perennial ryegrass seeds that were suspected to be herbicide resistant were sourced from near Methven, Canterbury. They were evaluated for tolerance to five herbicides and were found to be resistant to all of them. In a separate experiment, annual ryegrass seeds that were suspected to be herbicide resistant were also sourced from near Methven, Canterbury. They were evaluated for tolerance to six different herbicides and were found to be resistant to haloxyfop applied at up to four times label rate but susceptible to clethodim. These results have important implications for growers and advisers throughout New Zealand. 

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Italian Ryegrass biotype with this Italian Ryegrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 1 resistant Italian Ryegrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 1 (Legacy A) resistant Italian Ryegrass from New Zealand please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

TREVOR JAMES
Agresearch Ruakura Research Centre
Private Bag 3123
Hamilton, 3240
New Zealand
Email Trevor James

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in New Zealand have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Trevor James for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Italian Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum)
Herbicide Resistant Italian Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Italian Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2007 Cereals glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5352
2 ArgentinaArgentina 2009 diclofop-methyl 48 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5586
3 ArgentinaArgentina 2010 Wheat glyphosate, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and pyroxsulam 48 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5599
4 BrazilBrazil 2003 Orchards, and Soybean glyphosate 5 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5205
5 BrazilBrazil 2010 Wheat iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 5 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5546
6 BrazilBrazil 2010 Corn (maize), Soybean, and Wheat clethodim, and glyphosate 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5547
7 BrazilBrazil 2016 Wheat clethodim, and iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass15057
8 BrazilBrazil 2017 Corn (maize), Soybean, and Wheat glyphosate, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and pyroxsulam 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass15063
9 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2021 Hazelnut (filbert) glyphosate 7 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass22236
10 ChileChile 1998 Canola, Lupins, and Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, and haloxyfop-methyl 8 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5105
11 ChileChile 2001 Fruit, and Orchards glyphosate 8 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5096
12 ChileChile 2002 Wheat flucarbazone-Na, glyphosate, glyphosate-trimesium, and iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 8 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5371
13 ChileChile 2005 Canola, Lupins, and Wheat clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, flucarbazone-Na, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, pinoxaden, and tepraloxydim 8 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5424
14 ChileChile 2006 Lupins clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, glyphosate, haloxyfop-methyl, and pinoxaden 8 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5445
15 ChileChile 2007 Spring Barley clethodim, flucarbazone-Na, glyphosate, haloxyfop-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, pinoxaden, and tepraloxydim 8 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5452
16 ChinaChina 2022 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, flucarbazone-Na, pinoxaden, and pyroxsulam 9 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass27266
17 DenmarkDenmark 2010 Winter wheat clodinafop-propargyl, florasulam, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam 13 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5676
18 FranceFrance 1993 Wheat diclofop-methyl 17 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass549
19 FranceFrance 2003 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-Na, haloxyfop-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, propoxycarbazone-Na, and sethoxydim 17 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass17117
20 FranceFrance 2018 Wheat flufenacet 17 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors ( HRAC Group 15 (Legacy K3 N)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass17152
21 IrelandIreland 2021 Wheat cycloxydim, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, pinoxaden, and propaquizafop 81 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass21237
22 ItalyItaly 1995 Alfalfa, and Durum wheat clodinafop-propargyl, cycloxydim, diclofop-methyl, pinoxaden, quizalofop-ethyl, sethoxydim, and tralkoxydim 24 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass8906
23 ItalyItaly 2002 Durum wheat clodinafop-propargyl, cycloxydim, diclofop-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, pinoxaden, sethoxydim, and tralkoxydim 24 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass1134
24 ItalyItaly 2005 Durum wheat iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and mesosulfuron-methyl 24 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass8907
25 ItalyItaly 2008 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, cycloxydim, glyphosate, and pinoxaden 24 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass8902
26 ItalyItaly 2012 Wheat glyphosate, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and mesosulfuron-methyl 24 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass8903
27 JapanJapan 2011 Rice Paddy Levee glyphosate 25 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass7770
28 New ZealandNew Zealand 2012 Grapes glyphosate 30 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass6749
29 New ZealandNew Zealand 2014 Wheat haloxyfop-methyl, and pinoxaden 30 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass18202
30 New ZealandNew Zealand 2015 Grapes amitrole, glufosinate-ammonium, and glyphosate 30 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Lycopene Cyclase ( HRAC Group 34 (Legacy F3)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase ( HRAC Group 10 (Legacy H)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass14056
31 PortugalPortugal 2019 Grapes glyphosate 34 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass28266
32 SpainSpain 2006 Orchards glyphosate 38 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5331
33 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 2011 Orchards glyphosate 41 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass11007
34 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 2018 Sugar beets, and Triticale iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, and quizalofop-ethyl 41 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass20226
35 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 2018 Peas chlorotoluron, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and mesosulfuron-methyl 41 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass20227
36 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 2020 Peas, Sugar beets, and Triticale chlorotoluron, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, and quizalofop-ethyl 41 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass24249
37 United KingdomUnited Kingdom 1990 Canola, Cereals, and Wheat cycloxydim, diclofop-methyl, fluazifop-butyl, pinoxaden, and tralkoxydim 44 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass356
38 United KingdomUnited Kingdom 1990 Wheat isoproturon 44 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5080
39 United KingdomUnited Kingdom 2012 Cereals mesosulfuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam 44 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass10968
40 United KingdomUnited Kingdom 2018 Wheat flufenacet 44 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors ( HRAC Group 15 (Legacy K3 N)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass17153
41 United States (Oregon) United StatesOregon1987 Wheat diclofop-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass320
42 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina1990 Wheat diclofop-methyl, and sethoxydim 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass259
43 United States (South Carolina) United StatesSouth Carolina1990 Wheat diclofop-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass268
44 United States (Idaho) United StatesIdaho1991 Canola, Chickpea, Lentils, Peas, and Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, quizalofop-ethyl, and sethoxydim 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass519
45 United States (Virginia) United StatesVirginia1993 Wheat diclofop-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass275
46 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi1995 Roadsides sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass526
47 United States (Georgia) United StatesGeorgia1995 Canola, and Wheat diclofop-methyl, and sethoxydim 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass543
48 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas1995 Wheat chlorsulfuron, diclofop-methyl, and fenoxaprop-ethyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass1097
49 United States (Maryland) United StatesMaryland1998 Wheat diclofop-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass1084
50 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas2003 Wheat chlorsulfuron, imazamox, mesosulfuron-methyl, and sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5399
51 United States (Oregon) United StatesOregon2004 Orchards glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5249
52 United States (Kentucky) United StatesKentucky2004 Wheat diclofop-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass7877
53 United States (Idaho) United StatesIdaho2005 Canola, Chickpea, Lentils, Peas, and Wheat clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, flufenacet, quizalofop-ethyl, and triasulfuron 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors ( HRAC Group 15 (Legacy K3 N)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5280
54 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi2005 Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5309
55 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas2005 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, and pinoxaden 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5409
56 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee2006 Winter wheat diclofop-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5316
57 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina2007 Wheat mesosulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass7818
58 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina2007 Wheat diclofop-methyl, imazamox, mesosulfuron-methyl, pinoxaden, and pyroxsulam 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass7856
59 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas2008 Wheat glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5401
60 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2008 Orchards, and Roadsides glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5698
61 United States (Georgia) United StatesGeorgia2009 Wheat diclofop-methyl, and mesosulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5500
62 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina2009 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass7811
63 United States (Oregon) United StatesOregon2010 Orchards glufosinate-ammonium, and glyphosate 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase ( HRAC Group 10 (Legacy H)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5564
64 United States (South Carolina) United StatesSouth Carolina2010 Wheat diclofop-methyl, mesosulfuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass7782
65 United States (Delaware) United StatesDelaware2012 Wheat mesosulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass5709
66 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee2012 Corn (maize) glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass6753
67 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri2013 Corn (maize), Soybean, and Wheat mesosulfuron-methyl, and pinoxaden 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass7809
68 United States (Kentucky) United StatesKentucky2013 Wheat mesosulfuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass7891
69 United States (Louisiana) United StatesLouisiana2014 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass8898
70 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2015 Grapes, and Orchards glufosinate-ammonium 45 Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase ( HRAC Group 10 (Legacy H)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass13044
71 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2015 Alfalfa, Grapes, and Orchards glyphosate, paraquat, and sethoxydim 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass15066
72 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2016 Alfalfa, and Orchards clethodim, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, glyphosate, imazamox, mesosulfuron-methyl, paraquat, and sethoxydim 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass17104
73 United States (Oklahoma) United StatesOklahoma2017 Wheat pinoxaden 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass18167
74 United States (Oregon) United StatesOregon2018 Wheat flufenacet 45 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors ( HRAC Group 15 (Legacy K3 N)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass17151
75 United States (Washington) United StatesWashington2018 Wheat flufenacet 45 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors ( HRAC Group 15 (Legacy K3 N)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass17154
76 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina2022 Soybean, and Winter wheat clethodim, glyphosate, nicosulfuron, and paraquat 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
110Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorumItalian Ryegrass24251
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Cite this site as: Heap, I.  The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds.  Online.  Internet.  Wednesday, December 4, 2024 .  Available  www.weedscience.org
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