International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
MULTIPLE RESISTANT PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
(Lolium perenne)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Denmark
INTRODUCTION PERENNIAL RYEGRASS
Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Denmark this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2016 and infests Wheat.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 1 (Legacy A), and Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to clodinafop-propargyl, and iodosulfuron-methyl-Na and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 1 (Legacy A), and Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated May 07, 2017 )

Common NamePerennial Ryegrass
SpeciesLolium perenne
GroupInhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesclodinafop-propargyl, and iodosulfuron-methyl-Na
LocationDenmark
Year2016
Situation(s)Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Solvejg Mathiassen 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Solvejg Mathiassen

April 2017 Update

Lolium perenne

This is the first report on resistance in L. perenne in Denmark. Three cases were identified in the herbicide resistance survey on untreated plots in agricultural fields all over Denmark. Overall L. perenne was resistant in 19% of the fields (3 out of 16 samples, to be presented in Denver in May). The samples were tested in pot experiments including a susceptible reference population.  Two samples were resistant to iodosulfuron and one to clodinafop. The resistance factors were <5 indicating enhanced metabolism as the most likely mechanism of resistance. 

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Perennial Ryegrass biotype with this Perennial Ryegrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 1, 2 resistant Perennial Ryegrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Perennial Ryegrass from Denmark please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

SOLVEJG MATHIASSEN
Senior Scientist
Aarhus University, Science and Technology
Dept. of Agroecology
P.o. Box 30
Slagelse, 4200, Slagelse Municipality
Denmark
Email Solvejg Mathiassen

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Denmark have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Solvejg Mathiassen for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne)
Herbicide Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Globally
(Lolium perenne)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2008 Soybean, Spring Barley, and Wheat glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass5487
2 ChileChile 2001 Cereals clodinafop-propargyl, and diclofop-methyl 8 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass5397
3 DenmarkDenmark 2016 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, and iodosulfuron-methyl-Na 13 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass15077
4 GermanyGermany 2008 Wheat iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, pinoxaden, and pyroxsulam 18 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass5385
5 New ZealandNew Zealand 2012 Grapes glyphosate 30 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass6750
6 New ZealandNew Zealand 2014 Wheat chlorsulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, pyroxsulam, thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 30 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass18201
7 New ZealandNew Zealand 2015 Grapes amitrole, glufosinate-ammonium, and glyphosate 30 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Lycopene Cyclase ( HRAC Group 34 (Legacy F3)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Inhibition of Glutamine Synthetase ( HRAC Group 10 (Legacy H)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass14055
8 PortugalPortugal 2013 Grapes glyphosate 34 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass7825
9 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia1989 Railways, and Roadsides sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass396
10 United States (Texas) United StatesTexas1989 Roadsides sulfometuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
111Lolium perennePerennial Ryegrass397
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