International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
HRAC GROUP 9 (LEGACY G) RESISTANT WINDMILL GRASS
(Chloris truncata)


Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Australia, New South Wales
INTRODUCTION WINDMILL GRASS
Windmill Grass (Chloris truncata) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In New South Wales this weed first evolved resistance to Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides in 2010 and infests Fallow.   Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to glyphosate and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Mar 28, 2017 )

Common NameWindmill Grass
SpeciesChloris truncata
GroupInhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicidesglyphosate
LocationAustralia, New South Wales
Year2010
Situation(s)Fallow
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Peter Boutsalis, Tony Cook, and Christopher Preston 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Windmill Grass biotype with this Windmill Grass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 9 resistant Windmill Grass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 9 (Legacy G) resistant Windmill Grass from New South Wales please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

PETER BOUTSALIS
Postdoctural Fellow/ Consultant
University Of Adelaide / Plant Science Consulting
Plant And Pest Science
800 N Lindbergh Blvd
02G
Adelaide, 5064, South Australia
Australia
Email Peter Boutsalis
TONY COOK
Technical Specialist Weeds
NSW Department of Primary Industries
Biosecurity NSW
Tamworth Agricultural Institute
4 Marsden Park Rd.
Calala, 2340, New South Wales
Australia
Email Tony Cook
Web   : Web Site Link
CHRISTOPHER PRESTON
Technical Specialist Weeds
University Of Adelaide - Waite Campus
Crc For Australian Weed Management And School Of Agriculture
Box 2146
Adelaide, 5064, South Australia
Australia
Email Christopher Preston
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in New South Wales have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Peter Boutsalis, Tony Cook, and Christopher Preston for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Windmill Grass Globally
(Chloris truncata)
Herbicide Resistant Windmill Grass Globally
(Chloris truncata)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Windmill Grass Globally
(Chloris truncata)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 2010 Fallow glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
262Chloris truncataWindmill Grass5509
2 Australia (Victoria) AustraliaVictoria2015 Roadsides glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
262Chloris truncataWindmill Grass11021
3 SpainSpain 2023 Roadsides glyphosate 38 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
262Chloris truncataWindmill Grass27293
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