International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 9 (LEGACY G) RESISTANT SOURGRASS
(Digitaria insularis)


Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Caninde
INTRODUCTION SOURGRASS
Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Paraguay this weed first evolved resistance to Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides in 2005 and infests Corn (maize), Cotton, Soybean, and Sunflower.   Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to glyphosate and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Nov 12, 2012 )

Common NameSourgrass
SpeciesDigitaria insularis
GroupInhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicidesglyphosate
LocationParaguay, Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Caninde
Year2005
Situation(s)Corn (maize), Cotton, Soybean, and Sunflower
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Fernando Adegas, Jose Bagateli, Dionisio Gazziero, Ramon Lopez Viveiros, Evandro Nascimento, Robinson Osipe, Claiton Rodrigues, and Percy A. Salas 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Sourgrass biotype with this Sourgrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 9 resistant Sourgrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 9 (Legacy G) resistant Sourgrass from Paraguay please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

FERNANDO ADEGAS
Weed Scientist
Embrapa Soja
Weed Management
Rod. Carlos Joao Strass
Ac. Orlando Amaral. PO Box 231
Londrina, 86001-970, Paraná
Brazil
Email Fernando Adegas
Web   : Web Site Link
JOSE BAGATELI
Agronomist
Sementes Iruña
Weed Management
Ruta VI Km 162.
Iruña, 86001-970, Paraná
Paraguay
Email Jose Bagateli
Web   : Web Site Link
DIONISIO GAZZIERO
Research Associate
Embrapa
Soja
5825 South Bend Rd
86001-970 Londrina-Pr, 86001-970, Paraná
Brazil
Email Dionisio Gazziero
Web   : Web Site Link
RAMON LOPEZ VIVEIROS
Agronomist
Sem Agro SAE
Soja
Ruta VI Km 216.
Juan E. Estigarribia, 86001-970, Caaguazu
Paraguay
Email Ramon Lopez Viveiros
Web   : Web Site Link
EVANDRO NASCIMENTO
Research & Development
Tecnomyl S.r.l.
Research
104-245 Chancellor's Way
Ciudad Del Este, 86001-970, Alto Parana
Paraguay
Email Evandro Nascimento
Web   : Web Site Link
ROBINSON OSIPE
Associate Professor
Universidade Estadual Do Norte Do Paraná
Depto Produção Vegetal
Ta103
Bandeirantes, CEP 86.360-000, Paraná
Brazil
Email Robinson Osipe
Web   : Web Site Link
CLAITON RODRIGUES
Agronomist
Sementes Iruña
Depto Produção Vegetal
Ruta VI Km 162.
Iruña, CEP 86.360-000, Alto Paraná
Paraguay
Email Claiton Rodrigues
Web   : Web Site Link
PERCY A. SALAS
Professor
Universidad Nacional De Asunción
Depart. Of Crop Protection
Facultad De Ciencias Agrarias
Universidad De Asunción, Paraguay
San Lorenzo, 1618 As. Py, Central
Paraguay
Email Percy A. Salas
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Paraguay have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Fernando Adegas, Jose Bagateli, Dionisio Gazziero, Ramon Lopez Viveiros, Evandro Nascimento, Robinson Osipe, Claiton Rodrigues, and Percy A. Salas for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Sourgrass Globally
(Digitaria insularis)
Herbicide Resistant Sourgrass Globally
(Digitaria insularis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Sourgrass Globally
(Digitaria insularis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2014 Soybean glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
239Digitaria insularisSourgrass13049
2 BrazilBrazil 2008 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 5 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
239Digitaria insularisSourgrass5350
3 BrazilBrazil 2016 Soybean fenoxaprop-ethyl, and haloxyfop-methyl 5 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
239Digitaria insularisSourgrass13043
4 BrazilBrazil 2020 Soybean fenoxaprop-ethyl, glyphosate, and haloxyfop-methyl 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
239Digitaria insularisSourgrass19212
5 ParaguayParaguay 2005 Corn (maize), Cotton, Soybean, and Sunflower glyphosate 46 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
239Digitaria insularisSourgrass5351
6 ParaguayParaguay 2020 Soybean clethodim, glyphosate, and haloxyfop-methyl 46 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
239Digitaria insularisSourgrass20223
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