INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 13 (LEGACY F4) RESISTANT BEARDED SPRANGLETOP
(Leptochloa fusca spp. fasicularis)


Inhibition of Deoxy-D-Xylulose Phosphate SynthaseHRAC Group 13 (Legacy F4)

United States, California
INTRODUCTION BEARDED SPRANGLETOP
Bearded Sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca spp. fasicularis) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In California this weed first evolved resistance to Group 13 (Legacy F4) herbicides in 2020 and infests Rice.   Group 13 (Legacy F4) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Deoxy-D-Xylulose Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of Deoxy-D-Xyulose Phosphate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to clomazone and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 13 (Legacy F4) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jul 11, 2021 )

Common NameBearded Sprangletop
SpeciesLeptochloa fusca spp. fasicularis
GroupInhibition of Deoxy-D-Xylulose Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 13 (Legacy F4)
Herbicidesclomazone
LocationUnited States, California
Year2020
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Kassim Al-Khatib, and Amar Godar 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Kassim Al-Khatib

Driver KE, Al-Khatib K, Godar A (2020) Survey of bearded sprangletop
(Leptochloa fusca spp. fasicularis) response to clomazone in California rice.
Weed Technol. 34:661–665. doi: 10.1017/wet.2020.25

Abstract Bearded sprangletop is a problematic weed in California rice production and few herbicides provide effective control. As control of bearded sprangletop has declined, grower suspicion of resistance to clomazone has increased, because of the continuous rice cropping system and herbicide dependence in the region. The objectives of this research were to confirm clomazone resistance in bearded sprangletop populations and determine the level of resistance. Seed from 21 suspected clomazone-resistant populations was collected from the California rice growing region. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine population sensitivity to clomazone. Clomazone was applied into the water to emerging seedlings. Plant ht and control of bearded sprangletop were recorded weekly for 3 wk, plants were then harvested, and dry weight was measured. Of the populations tested, 17 were susceptible and four (5%) were resistant to clomazone. A dose-response assay was conducted using eight doses ranging from an eighth of the full rate to 12 times the full rate. The three most resistant populations had resistant-to susceptible ratios of 1.25×, 2×, and 5× the labeled rate of clomazone. The use of clomazone in California rice production is beneficial; however, it should be used at the appropriate timing and as part of an herbicide program to prevent further development of clomazone resistance.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Bearded Sprangletop biotype with this Bearded Sprangletop biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 13 resistant Bearded Sprangletop have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 13 (Legacy F4) resistant Bearded Sprangletop from California please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

KASSIM AL-KHATIB
Director and Ce Specialist, Statewide IPM Program
Statewide IPM Program
Integrated Pest Management
2801 Second Street #152
Davis, 95618-7774, California
United States
Email Kassim Al-Khatib
Web   : Web Site Link
AMAR GODAR
Ph.d. Student
Kansas State University
Agronomy
3719 Throckmotron Plant Sciences Center
Manhattan, 66506, Kansas
United States
Email Amar Godar
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in California have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Kassim Al-Khatib, and Amar Godar for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Bearded Sprangletop Globally
(Leptochloa fusca spp. fasicularis)
Herbicide Resistant Bearded Sprangletop Globally
(Leptochloa fusca spp. fasicularis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Bearded Sprangletop Globally
(Leptochloa fusca spp. fasicularis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2020 Rice clomazone 45 Inhibition of Deoxy-D-Xylulose Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 13 (Legacy F4)
355Leptochloa fusca spp. fasicularisBearded Sprangletop21233
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