Herbicide Resistant Weeds

GROUP C1/5 RESISTANT JIMSONWEED (Datura stramonium)
USA: Indiana

Saturday, July 31, 2010

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Jimsonweed

1.	Introduction
2.	Level of Infestation
3.	Quick Statistics
4.	Notes about this biotype
5.	Academic Aspects
6.	R Jimsonweed Globally
7.	Fact Sheets and Literature
8.	Contributing Weed Scientists
9.	Acknowledgements
10.	Where to now?

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Introduction

Level of Infestation

Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) is a dicot weed in the Solanaceae family. In Indiana this weed first evolved resistance to Group C1/5 herbicides in 1992 and infests corn. Group C1/5 herbicides are known as Photosystem II inhibitors (Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to atrazine and they may be cross-resistant to other Group C1/5 herbicides.

Local weed scientists estimate that Group C1/5 resistant Jimsonweed in Indiana infests 6-10 sites and the number of sites are increasing. They also estimate that there are 1001-10000 acres infested with Group C1/5 resistant Jimsonweed and the area infested is increasing.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their mode of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS ( last updated Nov 29, 2000 )
Common Name	Jimsonweed
Species	Datura stramonium
Group	Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)
Herbicides	atrazine
Location	USA, Indiana
Year	1992
Situation(s)	corn
Sites	6-10
Acres Infested	1001-10000
Contributors	Daniel Childs
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

AREAS FOUND

Daniel Childs

Daviess county, Indiana.

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GENERAL

Daniel Childs

Resistance to atrazine occurred due to the continued use of this product in community of farmers.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Jimsonweed biotype with this Jimsonweed biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

The genetic basis of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the genetic inheritance of this biotype please update the database.

Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group C1/5 resistant Jimsonweed from Indiana indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the "Fact Sheets and Other Literature"

Relative Fitness

Researchers have indicated that Group C1/5 resistant Jimsonweed is ecologically less fit than normal susceptible Jimsonweed. Triazine resistant weeds often exhibit a lower relative fitness when compared to susceptible biotypes. The most common mutation conferring triazine resistance (Ser 264 to Gly mutation of the psbA gene) also causes a reduction in CO₂ fixation, quantum yield, and seed and biomass production.. There may be a note below or an article discussing the fitness of this biotype in the "Fact Sheets and Other Literature"

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HERBICIDE RESISTANT JIMSONWEED GLOBALLY
#	Country	Year	Sites	Acres	Mode of Action
1.	USA (Indiana)	1992	6-10	1001-10000	Photosystem II inhibitors (C1/5)

FACT SHEETS AND OTHER LITERATURE	Format
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Scientific Abstracts on Herbicide Resistant Datura stramonium
Biorational approaches to managing Datura stramonium.
Zhang JianHua, M. Salas L., N. Jordan R., and S. Weller C. 1999. Biorational approaches to managing Datura stramonium. Weed Science. 47: 750-756.
The fitness cost of triazine resistance in jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.).
Williams, M. M. II, N. Jordan, and C. Yerkes. 1995. The fitness cost of triazine resistance in jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.). American Midland Naturalist. 133: 131-137.

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

DANIEL CHILDS	Edit
Now with Monsanto, was with Purdue University Cooperative Extension West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana USA Email Daniel Childs

Acknowledgements

Where to now?

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The North American Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, the Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Indiana have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Daniel Childs for providing detailed information.

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2.	Resistant Weeds in the USA
3.	Herbicides
4.	Weed Researchers
5.	Resistant weeds in Indiana
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