Herbicide Resistant Weeds

GROUP B/2 RESISTANT INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium orientale)
Australia: South Australia

Saturday, July 31, 2010

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Indian Hedge Mustard

1.	Introduction
2.	Level of Infestation
3.	Quick Statistics
4.	Notes about this biotype
5.	Academic Aspects
6.	R Indian Hedge Mustard Globally
7.	Fact Sheets and Literature
8.	Contributing Weed Scientists
9.	Acknowledgements
10.	Where to now?

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Introduction

Level of Infestation

Indian Hedge Mustard (Sisymbrium orientale) is a dicot weed in the Brassicaceae family. In South Australia this weed first evolved resistance to Group B/2 herbicides in 1990 and infests barley, and wheat. Group B/2 herbicides are known as ALS inhibitors (Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS)). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to chlorsulfuron, imazethapyr, metosulam, metsulfuron-methyl, and triasulfuron and they may be cross-resistant to other Group B/2 herbicides.

Local weed scientists estimate that Group B/2 resistant Indian Hedge Mustard in South Australia infests 101-500 sites and the number of sites are increasing. They also estimate that there are 1001-10000 acres infested with Group B/2 resistant Indian Hedge Mustard and the area infested is increasing.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their mode of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS ( last updated Jun 19, 2007 )
Common Name	Indian Hedge Mustard
Species	Sisymbrium orientale
Group	ALS inhibitors (B/2)
Herbicides	chlorsulfuron, imazethapyr, metosulam, metsulfuron-methyl, and triasulfuron
Location	Australia, South Australia
Year	1990
Situation(s)	barley, and wheat
Sites	101-500
Acres Infested	1001-10000
Contributors	Christopher Preston
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

AREAS FOUND

Christopher Preston

Northern NSW, Yorke & Eyre Peninsula's.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Indian Hedge Mustard biotype with this Indian Hedge Mustard biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on Group B/2 resistant Indian Hedge Mustard indicate that inheritance is determined by a one gene, dominant, nuclear trait. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the "Fact Sheets and Other Literature"

Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group B/2 resistant Indian Hedge Mustard from South Australia indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the "Fact Sheets and Other Literature"

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group B/2 resistant Indian Hedge Mustard from South Australia please update the database.

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HERBICIDE RESISTANT INDIAN HEDGE MUSTARD GLOBALLY
#	Country	Year	Sites	Acres	Mode of Action
1.	Australia (South Australia)	1990	101-500	1001-10000	ALS inhibitors (B/2)
2.	Australia (Queensland)	1993	2-5	101-500	ALS inhibitors (B/2)
3.	Australia (Western Australia)	1994	51-100	501-1000	ALS inhibitors (B/2)
4.	Australia (New South Wales )	1994	11-50	101-500	ALS inhibitors (B/2)
5.	Australia (South Australia) Multiple Resistance	2005	6-10	51-100	ALS inhibitors (B/2) Synthetic Auxins (O/4)

FACT SHEETS AND OTHER LITERATURE	Format
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Scientific Abstracts on Herbicide Resistant Sisymbrium orientale
Molecular basis of resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Sisymbrium orientale and Brassica tournefortii .
Boutsalis, P.; Karotam, J.; Powles, S. B. 1999. Molecular basis of resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Sisymbrium orientale and Brassica tournefortii . Pesticide Science. 55: 507-516.
Molecular basis of resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Sisymbrium orientale and Brassica tournefortii.
Boutsalis, P., J. Karotam, and S. Powles B. 1999. Molecular basis of resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Sisymbrium orientale and Brassica tournefortii. Pesticide Science. 55: 507-516.
Weed management in south western Australian farming systems.
Bowran, D. G. 1998. Weed management in south western Australian farming systems. Comptes-rendus 6eme symposium mediterraneen EWRS, Montpellier, France, 13-15 mai 1998. : 273-280.
Weeds resistant to chlorsulfuron and atrazine from the north-east grain region of Australia.
Adkins, S. W., D. Wills, M. Boersma, S. R. Walker, G. Robinson, R. J. McLeod, and J. P. Einam. 1997. Weeds resistant to chlorsulfuron and atrazine from the north-east grain region of Australia. Weed Research. 37: 343-349.
Resistance of dicot weeds to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in Australia.
Boutsalis, P. and S. B. Powles. 1995. Resistance of dicot weeds to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in Australia. Weed Research. 35: 149-155.

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

CHRISTOPHER PRESTON	Edit
University of Adelaide - Waite Campus CRC for Australian Weed Management and School of Agriculture PMB 1 Glen Osmond Adelaide, 5064, South Australia Australia Email Christopher Preston

Acknowledgements

Where to now?

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, the Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Australia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Christopher Preston for providing detailed information.

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